Two types of rodingitization (static and dynamic) are observed in the rodingites of the ophiolite in the North Of Nain. Two stages have occurred in the formation of static rodingites. In the initial stage, epidote, prehnite and hydrogrossular have crystallized respectively, at the expense of plagioclase, with the increase of calcium content rodingite forming fluid. In the advanced stage, xonotlite in the expense of plagioclase, and Mg chlorite, tremolite and secondary diopside, at the expense of pyroxene, have been formed simultaneously with an increase of Si content of rodingite forming fluid. During rodingitization, the Ca and OR content, have increased, whereas the amounts of K, Al and Na are reduced. Mn, Fe and Mg values are slightly reduced but Si remains constant.

Mineral paragenesis of rodingitized basic rocks of Iranian ophiolites are presented and metasomatic reactions between Ca+2 bearing aqueous fluids issued during serpentinization of host ultramafic rock – with magmatic minerals of basic rocks leading to present paragenesis of rodingites are discussed. It is concluded that Ca+2 rich aqueous fluid in equilibrium with serpentinite has high Ca+2 chemical potential to react with magmatic minerals of basic dykes resulting in lowering the free energy of system, appearance of a new mineral paragenesis and total or partial conversion of basic dykes to rodingites. A feedback mechanism is proposed to account for inter-relationship of serpentinization and rodingitization.

The protolith of rodingitic dykes of Naien area are pegmatoidic gabbros, microgabbros, dolerites and fewer amphibolites. Textural features and thickness are effective parameters for rodingitization of these dykes. Slight thickness of microgabbro and pegmatoidic dykes have more undergone rodingitization and have passed the primary to advanced stages of static rodingitization (due to the presence of epidote, Prehnite and hydrogrossular, Mg-chlorite, tremolite and secondary diopside replacement minerals as well as dynamic rodingitization (Owing to the xonotlite, prehnite and pectolite vein mineral), while doleritic and amphibolitic dykes have only passed the primary stage of static rodingitization (due to the presence of epidote, Prehnite and hydrogrossular).

Around Soleymanieh village in the NE of Sabzevar, there are a numerous gabbros and microgabbros dykes that have interruped Sabzevar's ophiolites. Most of these dykes turn from black to green, white, yellow and reddish. The surrounding ophiolites have highly altered to serpentine, too.The petrographic studies of discoloured dykes show that, olivine, clino- pyroxenes, orthopyroxenes and calcic plagioclases, (high energy level minerals) have been converted to: wolastonite, prehnite, chlorite, epidote, hydrogrossular, pectolite, and xenotlite (low energy level minerals).Furthermore: XRD, thermic analysis and micropropic studies confirme the mineralization studies and rodingite reactions recognized by polarized microscope. Assemblages minerals and textures show that this complex is a rodingite association. Generally, rodingite mechanism start with serpentinization of olivine and pyroxenes in harzburgites and lherzolites and release of Ca+2 from their structures. These Ca+2 cations can not be accommodated in serpentine crystal structure, therefore, they are concentrated in the fluid associated with serpentinization. Oversaturated fluids of calcium, and with low amount of CO2, under suitable condition, (presence of reactional rocks like gabbros) react with above meantioened rocks and form calcium rich minerals. These fluids will react with basic roch minerals especialy Plagioclasis and creat a host of roddingites minerals (Xenotlite, grossular, Pectolite and others). In Some cases, somme minerals, such as pectolite and xenotlite are replaced in the form of veins within rodingites.

Gabbroie dykes hostes in serpentinite of Dehshir-surk ophiolites have undergone hydrothermal alteration, well known as serpentinization. Serpentnization of primary minerals (Pyroxene, olivine) introuduces Ca+2 to hydrothermal fluids. These Ca-rich fluids are responsible for rodingitization of Gabbro dykes introuded in serpentinite basement.There are two distinct serpentinitization stages: dynamic and static. and it is concluded the rodingitization is a polygenic processse. The rare mineral pectolite [Na Ca2 Si3 O8 (OH)] is formed due to Na-metasomatism in the latest stage of hydrothermal processes.

Background and Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the Hand Static Rest Splint on reducing the pain and other compliance of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Materials and Methods: In the present clinical trial, 12 patients, aged 35-50 (average: 39 years) with RA, referring to the Occupational Therapy Unit of Taleghani hospital and meeting America College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria, were included. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was administered and swelling, tenderness and morning stiffness were assessed. Moreover, assessments of active range of motion using goniometry and grip strength with Jamar dynamometer in both hands were performed. Statistical analysis of data was performed using t-test and Mann-Whitney Test for two independent samples and willcoxon tests and paired t-test for paired samples run in SPSS, version 18. The level of significance was set at p˂ 0. 05. Results: The findings showed that the Static Rest Splint led to improvement in the wrist range of motion (flexion p=0/005, extension p=0/03) when the two groups were compared, but it did not have a significant effect on Morning Stiffness (p=1), pain (p=0/1), Swelling (p=0/06), and Tenderness (p=0/2). However, when compared between after and before intervention in hand with splint, pain (p=0/02) and wrist range of motion (p=0/004) improved. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the current study, and since using splints only improve range of motion in the wrist compared between two groups and pain relief before and after the intervention, it seems that using hand Static Rest Splint to reduce other symptoms need further investigation and also given that the use of this position without stress on the tendon can be effective in reducing the causes deformity, further studies are needed to more delineate these points.

Researchers' attention has recently been focused to the measurement and tracking of prestressing force in the tendons of prestressed concrete (PC) constructions. Older structures need non-destructive testing techniques to evaluate these forces, even if modern structures are fitted with sensors to monitor prestress losses. This work presents a new approach that uses static displacement data under experimental loads to determine the real prestress force in the tendons of a prestressed concrete beam. This approach offers a more economical alternative by doing away with the requirement for destructive tests or pre-installed sensors. A genetic algorithm (GA) is created to precisely calculate the prestress force of tendons. Laboratory testing shows that the proposed method can detect prestress losses with excellent accuracy, even in the presence of intentional measurement mistakes of up to 10%.Researchers' attention has recently been focused to the measurement and tracking of prestressing force in the tendons of prestressed concrete (PC) constructions. Older structures need non-destructive testing techniques to evaluate these forces, even if modern structures are fitted with sensors to monitor prestress losses. This work presents a new approach that uses static displacement data under experimental loads to determine the real prestress force in the tendons of a prestressed concrete beam. This approach offers a more economical alternative by doing away with the requirement for destructive tests or pre-installed sensors. A genetic algorithm (GA) is created to precisely calculate the prestress force of tendons. Laboratory testing shows that the proposed method can detect prestress losses with excellent accuracy, even in the presence of intentional measurement mistakes of up to 10%.

Fungi release wide spectrum of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that belong to several chemical groups with different biochemical origins such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, aromatic compounds, esters, furans, ketones, sulfur and nitrogen compounds. Trichoderma species are the most studied fungal biocontrol agents and are successfully used as biofungicides and biofertilizers in greenhouse and field. Volatile metabolites play a key role in mycoparasitism of Trichoderma spp., as well as in their interactions with plants and other organisms in their environments. Based on the antibiotic activity of these fungi against the fungal pathogens, further consideration of their VOCs profiles, has been offered. In this study, VOCs of native Trichoderma species from Iran (T. harzianum, T. virens (6011), T. atroviridae (1-3)) have been identified by static headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry The most of detected compounds were related to monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. These are including; dl-limonene; beta-himachalene; beta-cubebene; cadinene; caryophyllene; alpha-gurjunene; farnesol; thujopsene; beta-bisabolene and alpha-farnesene. Based on antifungal effects of these compounds, biological control of these Trichoderma species can be related to them. These VOCs could be potential sources for purposes of chemotaxonomy and natural fungicides to protect crops from the fungal pathogens without environmental problems.

Two types of rodingitization (static and dynamic) are observed in the rodingites of the ophiolite north of Nain. Two stages have been occurred in the formation of static rodingites. At the initial stage, epidote, prehnite and hydrogrossular have crystallized respectively at the expense of plagioclase, with the increase of Calcium content rodingite forming fluid. In the advanced stage, xonotlite at the expense of plagioclase, and Mg–chlorite, tremolite and secondary diopside, at the expense of pyroxene, have formed simultaneously with an increase of Si content of rodingite forming fluid. The high content of vein xonotlite, in the dynamic rodingites, shows that the CaO/SiO2 ratio in the fluid is first close to one, but with time, it reduces to less than one and prehnite and pectolite have crystallized. In the dynamic rodingites, due to the low variations of rock–forming fluids, the mineralogy of dynamic rodingites do not vary much. In contrast, the mineralogy of static rodingites display variation, indicating the changing in composition of rock–forming fluids.